Hydraulic starter for electromotors and the like



Nov. 25, 1924- 1,516,526 G. L. GANSS 1 HYDRAULIC STARTER FOR ELECTROMOTORS 'AND THE LIKE Nov. 25, 1924- 1,516,526

G. GANSS HYDRAULIC STARTER FOR ELECTROMOTORS AND THE LIKE Filed lay 28, 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 G. L. GANSS HYDRAULIC STARTER FOR ELECTROMOTORS AND THE LIKE Fllpd lay 28, 192} 5 Sheets-Sheet .3

Nov. 25, 1924. 1,516,526

G. L. GANSS HYDRAULIC STARTER FOR ELECTROMOTORS AND THE LIKE Filld llay 28, 1923 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Nova 25, 1924. I 1,516,526

G. L. GANSS HYDRAULIC STARTER FOR ELECTROMOTORS AND THE LIKE F1106 May 2 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Nov. 25, 1924.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HYDRAULIC STARTER FUR. ELECTROMO'ETORS AND THE LIKE.

Application filed May 28,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Gnonc LUDWIG GANSS, a citizen of the German Empire, and resident of Gross-Umstadt, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improve ments in Hydraulic Starters for Electra motors and the like; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to a hydraulic starter for electromotors and the like the gasometer type in which the throwing in and out of the resistance is controlled by the raising and lowering of a bell dipping into a receptacle for liquid. The receptacle or the bell serves directly as electrode. The novelty of the starter consists in that on the bell, a second electrode is arranged which with continuous current or alternating current works alone with the hell, or with three-phase current, also with a receptacle for liquid. In order to prevent a con tact between the hell or electrode and the receptacle for a liquid ribs of insulating material are arranged on the bell or on the inner surface of the receptacle. Arrangements may also be made to partly cover both elements with wood or with other insulating material in order to vary accordingly the size of the electrode surface. A further improvement relates specially to the construction of a locking mechanism designed to maintain the bell in its upper eX- trclne position. The short-circuiting device has been improved at the same time. The invention consists in that on the rim of the receptacle, a spring-controlled rotatable ring is arranged which has three supporting flaps on which the guiding and insulating ribs oi the bell bear when said bell is i the highest position. When the ring is being rotated, the supporting flaps slip from under the ribs ot the bell to release the bell and allow it to sink, the supporting flaps being pressed at the same time by the action of the springs of the ring laterally against the insulating ribs of the belly for braking said bell. Elastic contacts are "further arranged on the bell which at the lowest position of 1923. Serial Ho. 642,12

the hell come in contact with corresponding metal contacts of the ring.

A. further iniproven'icnt of the hydraulic starter consists in that care has been taken to gradually increase the speed. of the descending movement of the bell so that the spilling ot the liquid by a sudden shock is avoided. With this object in view the sup ports for holding the bell in the highest position are inclined so that the bell may gradually slide down the same. The releasing of the short circuiting device and the supply of current to the several poles oi"- the starter are further improved.

Several en'ibodiments of the invention are shown, by way ol? example, on the accompanying drawings, wnerein:

Fig. 1 shows in longitudinal section, and

Fig. 2 in plan view the preferred form 01' construction.

Figs. 3 and at show in side elevation and plan view a modified form of construction.

A third torm of construction of the hydraulic starter is shown in Fig. 5) in longitudinal view and in Fig. 6 in plan View partly in section, the bell being at the highest position.

Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 6 the parts being shown in their position after apart rotation of the ring.

Figs. 8, 9 and 10 show a constructional dctail on enlarged scale.

Fig. 11 shows a special device for "cleasing the locking mechanism for the bell.

Fig. 12 shows in longitudinal section, and

Fig. 13 in a plan View a further modified form of construction.

Fig. 14: illustrates on a larger scale a con structional detail.

Figs. 15 and 16 show in side elevation, partly in section, and in plan View respectively, another form of construction.

Figs. 17, 18 and 19 show each another term of construction.

According to l and 2 the hell 1 has an outer electrode 2 and it guided by means of a tube 3 on a vertical rod at the upper end of which a handle 4 is arranged. The locking mechanism is designated by 5. In the liquid receptacle 6 corner ledges 7 of insulating material are arranged the lower ends 8 of which are bent at right angles inwardly to prevent the contact between the electrode 2 and the bottom of the receptacle. On the corners of the electrode 2 welts 9 are formed with the aid of beads into which boards of wood or of any other insulating material may be inserted in order to reduce the surface of the electrode. The total resistance varies according to whether more or less of such wooden boards are inserted. If the receptacle is used as electrode the inner wall of this receptacle may be partly covered by such wooden boards. The liquid receptacle 6 is preferably insulated on the outside, for instance by a coating of enamel or by a wooden envelope. For three-phase current the liquid receptacle is preferably connected to earth.

The operation of the hydraulic starter is as follows :The starting is ettected in such a manner that the bell 2, secured in its highest position by the locking mechanism 5, is released together with its electrode 2 so that it sinks gradually into the liquid, the air flowing out through the outlet orifice 10. The resistance is thus gradually reduced and a gradual starting is produced. A t the lowest position of the bell the contacts 11 are closed again whereby the starter is shortcircuited. An air inlet 12 serves for the inflow of air at the raising of the bell.

In order to reduce the cost of: manutt'acture the electrodes may be mounted on the outer surface of the bell and they may have the shape as shown in Figs. 3 and 4 in side elevation and plan view. The electrode 2 has at the upper end two flaps 13 which grip around the bell, insulating means being in serted between the electrode and the bell. These electrodes are easy to be exchanged against fresh electrodes in case they should be worn.

Under certain conditions electrodes of this kind may be arranged in the liquid receptacle instead of using the liquid receptacle itself as electrode in order to avoid the destruction of the receptacle.

As shown in Figs. to 11 the hydraulic starter consists again of a receptacle 14 in which the bell 15 is movably mounted. This bell carries the ledges 16 of insulating material designed to prevent the bell from coming in contact with the inner surtace of the receptacle. These ledges are interrupted at 17 in proximity of the lower end and one oil said ledges has at its upper end a curved extension 18.

On the rim 19 of the receptacle 14; a ring 20 of insulating material is mounted which has a handle 21. The ring is guided by means of two studs 22 projecting trom the receptacle and engaging with slots 23 of the ring, the springs 24, designed to maintain the ring in such a position that the studs 22 stand always approximately at the centre of the slots 23, being arranged at either side of said studs 22.

The ring 20 has three supporting flaps 25 projecting over the inner circumference of the ring and adapted to engage with the interruptions 1'? of the supporting ledges 16 as shown in Fig. 6. On the receptacle insulating pieces 26 are arranged which serve as stops and prevent the bell from rotating with the. ring.

lVhen the bell is in its highest position the supporting flaps 253 engage with the interruptions 17 of the insulating ledges 16 so that the bell is maintained in this position by said sn niorting flaps. hen. the starter has to be thrown in, the handle 21 of the ring 20 is pulled to one side so that the supporting llaps 25 get out of the interruptions 17 ot the insulating ledges 1G. The bell is thus liberated and sinks in the receptacle, the resistance decreasing continuously as the sin-face in contact with the liquid increases gradually. Atter the handle 21 has been released the l'laps 25 are pressed by the action of the swings 24 against the sides 01 the supporting ledges 16, whereby the descending bell is braked so that the liquid is prevented it'rom flowing over suddenly. The stops 26 prevent the bell from rotating. It the bell has arrived approximately at its lowest position the one of the flaps 25 moves along the curve 18 ot' the correspondi11g. insulating ledge 16 whereby the springs of the ring are put under increased tension. The flaps 25 jump therefore, as soon as the bell is at its extreme lower position, over the upper edge 27 of this ledge 16 so that the ring returns to its initial position. The sudden movement which is thus produced serves for operating the short-circuiting device.

This short-circuiting device consists of two carbon brushes 2S adjustably mounted on the bell and controlled by springs 29. The special arrangement of these brushes is shown in Figs. 8. 9 and 10. The holders 30 for the brushes 28 are bomshaped and the botton'r plate 31 of the box inserted into a welt on the bell to produce a metallic contact so that the brush support is in electric connection with the bell. The welt may be also connected with the electrode. A clamping screw 33 serves for holding the brush support securely in the welt. By displacing the brush support in the welt the brush it worn can be o1.'ou5 ht nearer to the ring 20. The brush support presents at each side an angular slit 8 in which the brushes 28 are guided by means 01" studs 35. The spring 31; serves for push ing the brush Forward.

'lwo metal plates 3? ar: arranged on ring 20 which are bent downward and bear on the rim of the receptacle to produce a current conducting connection. The brushes 28 come in contact with these plates 37 when the bell has arrived at its lowest position wherein the snort-circuiting is prod need.

It handle 38 sen for pulling the bell up. F ig. shows thc the two plates are ill) slightly bent so that the brushes 28 engage first with these bent parts. Only when the one flap slips off the edge 27 of the insulating ledge 16 the ring 20 is rapidly ro tated through the action of the springs 24 whereby the brushes 28 are brought in contact with the metal plates 37.

If the starter is used for three-phase current the interruptions 17 are arranged so that a complete throwing out of gear of the starter is impossible, said interruptions 17 being arranged farther down for continuous current in order to permit of a complete throwing out of gear. The supporting flaps may have rollers in order to reduce the friction and the wear on the insulating ledges 16.

The release of the locking mechanism by rotation of ring 20 may be effected also by a special device designed to prevent that at the further rotation of the ring the bell sinks rapidly and the liquid flows over the rim of the receptacle. This special device serves at the same time to prevent the ring from being erroneously turned to the wrong side whereby the carbon brushes would be stopped on the ring so that they cannot produce the short circuiting or so that they would even break off. This special device is shown in Fig. 11 and it consists oi? a rod :39 with press-button adjustably mounted in a casing 40 fixed, on the receptacle, said rod having at its lower end a roller 41. A spring 42 serves for pulling the rod back into the position shown in Fig. 11.

If the rod 39 is being depressed the roller 41 is brought in contact with a curve 43 of the ring 20 which is of oblique direction so that the ring is laterally displaced tor a determined distance corresponding with the curve In this manner it is absolutely impossible to rotate the ring in the other direction. If the rod 89 is released again it returns to its initial position under the action of the spring 42. This device may act also from below on the ring 20. In this form oil? construction a protecting box may be arranged on the bell so that it extends over the receptacle and moves up and down with the bell, said protecting box liberating the switching in device when the bell is in the highest position. p

In the form of construction shown in Figs 12 14. the receptacle for the liquid is des ignated by 44. It has an outwardly bent flange 45 at the upper end on which the ring 46 is rotatably mounted, pins 47 at the upper ring 46 (Fig. 14) engaging with corresponding slits 48 of flange 45 to guide the ring 46. On the ring 46 blocks 50 are lined by means of hinges 49, said blocks carrying on their inner surfaces the bows 51. These bows are inclined and serve as supports for the insulating ledges 52 of bell 53 located in the receptacle 44. It the bell 53 is in its highest position the insulating ledges52 are supported by said bows 51 so that the bell is prevented from descending. The bell 58 carries the electrodes 54 which are insulated from the bell by means of rings 55 and 56. When the bell is at its highest position so that the greatest resistance is interposed the insulating ledges 52 rest upon the bows 51 and securely hold the bell in its position. As soon as ring 46 is rotated the insulating ledges 52 slidedown on the inclined bows 51 so that the bell sinks gradually into the liquid. The bell descends gradually until it has reached its lowest position. In this lowest position of the bell, the short-circuiting device is released in the following manner The ring 46 has two contact plates 57 and 58, contact pieces 59 and 60 being arranged on the bell. hen the ring 46 is being rotated in order to release the insulating ledges 52 of the bell 58 a projection 61 of the ring is caught under a spring 62 fixed on the rim of the receptacle. The ring is thus securely held in its rotated position, the pull spring 63 arranged between stud 47 ot' the ring 46 and stud 64 of the flange 45 being put under tension. The contacts 59 and 60 stand laterally of the contact plates 57 and 58. When the bell arrives at its lowest position a nose 65 of said bell. strikes against the end of spring 62 whereupon nose 61 of ring 46 is released. The ring is now free to rotate backward in the direction of the arrow (Fig. 14) under the pull of the spring 63 whereby the contacts 59 and 60 are brought in contact with the contact plates 57 and 58. The short-circuiting of the starter is thus produced.

If the bell 53 is pulled up again by means of the handle 56 the blocks 50 oscillate around their hinges 51 so that the insulating ledges 52 can freely move along until their ends come in contact with the bows 51. The blocks 50 drop back to their initial position so that the ledges 52 are again supported by the bows 51. and hold the bell 53 in its position. Flexible cables or the like may be used for supplying the current. The arrangement could however be made in such a manner as shown in Figs 15 and 16. Ac cording to these figures the upper flange 45 of the receptacle 44 is removable and held by a bayonet joint 67. It may however be fixed in any other convenient manner, for instance by screws or the like. At the lower end of receptacle 44 a similar flange 68 is arranged by means of which the hydraulic starter may be screwed on a table or the like. This form of construction of the removable flanges presents the advantage that the re ceptacle itself may be made of sheet iron and renwvable, the thicker specially arranged flanges being made from cast iron or the like. For continuous current the lower flange of the receptacle is mounted on insulating rollers. lVith regard to supply the current insulating pieces 69 and 70 are arranged on the upper flange 45 and on the lower flange 68 respectively, a metal tube 71 being inserted between said insulating pieces. The metal tube has at its lower end a clamping piece 72 with a clamping screw 73 for the connection of the cable. On the upper end of tube 71 a metal cast piece 74L is arranged the end of which engages with the insulating piece 69. A carbon brush 7 5 in the cast piece 7% is constantly pressed by a spring 76 against the metal rod 77 telescoped into tube 71 so that it can slide in said tube. This metal rod 77 is in metallic connection with the plates 78 of the bell if the current is continuous current.

It. three-phase current is used the plates 78 are fixed on an insulating ring 7 9 on the top of the bell and they are connected by leads 80 or 81 with the electrode and bell respectively (Fig. '16). At the upward and downward movement of bell 53 a metallic current conducting connection with the supply cables attached at 73 is established by the plates 7 8, the rod 77 and the tube 71, the brush 75 maintaining constantly the contact between the rod 77 and tube 70 or cast piece 74.

In this form of construction the shortcircuiting brushes could also be carbon brushes 82 as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 16, said brushes being mounted under the metal plates 78 in a convenient bearing and being controlled by the pressure of springs 83. The carbon brushes bear against the plates 84 of the ring 41:6 rotatably mounted on the rim of the receptacle.

Under certain conditions the brushes may be arranged so that they act in downward direction in which case the contact plates 84 are mounted upon the ring 46 instead of at the side of the same.

In the form of construction shown in Fig. 17 the liquid receptacle 44 is of such a hei ht that it encloses the bell 53 and the electrodes 54 on this bell even if this bell is in the highest position. The ring 46 for the switching in and for the short-circuiting is arranged approximately at the middle of the receptacle 4% and mounted in such a manner that it cannot move in upward direction. The ring carries the same shortcircuiting device as described above and it has a handle 85. The receptacle is closed by a lid 86 which covers also the bell 53 in its highest position. The handle 66 of the bell projects through the lid and has at its lower end the air inlet valve 87 for the bell. An air-outlet valve 88 arranged on the bell has a separate spindle so that air may permanently flow out of the bell. The sin ring velocity of the bell corresponds to the starting of the motor with full load to be started by means of the hydraulic resistance. It the motor has to be started with half load or with idle run the valve 88 is completely opened.

Guide rails 89, fixed on the inner wall of the receptacle and insulated from said receptacle serve for supplying current to the electrodes, the brushes 90 ot' the bell moving along said rails. The guide rails 89 are connected with the current conducting wires by the terminals 91.

In order to permit to observe the liquid level in the receptacle a float 92 is arranged the rod of which projects through a funnelshaped orifice 93 used "for re-fillii'ig the receptacle, said rod. terminating by a knob or by a hand 94 which indicates the position ol the float. The operation of this "form of construction is the same as that of the form o'l construction described at the beginning of the specification The form of construction shown in F 18 and 19 show hydraulic starters for threephase current. Vith starters of this type the three electrodes must preferably be tuned accurately tor the three-pluses, which can be done by covering the surfaces of the outer electrodes which are too great compared with the smaller surface oi" the bell. It is however more advisable to make the arrangement as shown in. Fig. 18. The cylin drical electrode mounted on the bell 95 is subdivided into three part elcctrodes 97 separated from one another by insulating bars 96, said part-electrodes corresponding to the three phases. The starter is otherwise constructed as described with the exception that three sliding contacts for the transfer of current and accordingly three short-circuiting contacts must be provided.

Fig. 19 illustrates also a three-phase current starter butthe three parts of the electrode are not mounted on the bell 95 but on the inner wall 98 of the receptacle. The three electrodes are designated by 99; they are insulated from one another and from the wall 98 of the receptacle. This form of construction comprises neither sliding contacts nor movable leads. The resistance is varied as the water column in the receptacle rises in consequence of the sinking of the bell and the distance of the electrodes is altered also through the intermediary of the sinking bell made of metal. The receptacle is lined internally with wood or any other convenient insulating material. It is tilled with so much liquid that the motor begins to start it the starter is at the released position, the further starting being controlled by the dipping in of the bell. In this form of construction the liquid receptacle is preferably of greater diameter and o lesser height iii order to make the distance between the electrodes in the switched out state as great possible. The terminals for the leads are ill?) llt) designated by 100, the short-circuiting brushes by 101 and the blade springs tired on the bell 95 by 102, the short-circuiting contacts of the ring being pressed on said blade springs when the bell is at its lowest position.

If the brushes are horizontal the blade springs on the bell are slightly upwardly inclined so that when the bell descends they press against the brushes from the side.

I claim 1. A hydraulic starter comprising in combination a liquid receptacle serving as electrode, a bell serving as electrode and a second electrode on said bell which works together with the bell for continuous or alternating current and for three-phase current together with the bell and liquid receptacle.

2. A hydraulic starter comprising in combination a liquid receptacle serving as electrode, a bell serving as electrode and a sec ond electrode on said bell, projecting ribs of insulating material on said bell designed to prevent the contact between the electrode and the liquid receptacle.

3. A hydraulic starter comprising in combination a liquid receptacle serving as electrode, a bell serving as electrode and a second electrode on said bell, projecting ribs of insulating material on the inner wall of the liquid receptacle and on the bottom of the same for preventing the contact between the electrode and the liquid receptacle.

4. A hydraulic starter comprising in com bination a liquid receptacle serving as electrode, a bell serving as electrode and a sec ond electrode on said bell, and plates of insulating material, partly covering the surface of one of said electrodes.

5. A hydraulic starter comprising in combination a liquid receptacle serving as elec trode, a bell serving as electrode and a second electrode on said bell, ledges on said bell forming welts, and boards of insulating material, inserted into said welts for partly covering the surface of the electrode.

6. A hydraulic starter comprising in combination a liquid receptacle serving as electrode, a bell serviing as electrode and a second electrode on said bell, ledges on the inner wall of said liquid receptacle forming welts and boards of insulating material, inserted into said welts for partly covering the inner surface of said liquid receptacle.

7. A hydraulic starter comprising in combination a liquid receptacle serving as electrode, a bell in said receptacle, two electrodes on said bell and two lugs for removably fixing said electrodes on said bell.

8. A hydraulic starter comprising in combination a liquid receptacle, a bell in said liquid receptacle and several exchangeable electrodes.

9. A hydraulic starter comprising in combination a liquid receptacle serving as electrode, a bell in said receptacle serving as electrode, a rotatable ring of insulating material on the rim of said receptacle, arms projecting from said ring, and insulating ribs on said bell having indentations de signed to engage with said arms when said bell is in the highest position.

10. A. hydraulic starter comprising in combination a liquid receptacle serving as electrode, a bell in said receptacle serving as electrode, a rotatable ring of insulating material on the rim of said receptacle having slits, arms projecting from said ring, and insulating ribs on said bell having indentations designed to engage with said arms when said bell is in the highest position, studs projecting from said receptacle engag ing with said slits of the rotatable ring, springs attached to said ring and to said studs for maintaining said ring in a determined position and for returning the same to this position when it has been rotated by hand to release said insulating rib.

11. A hydraulic starter comprising in combination a liquid receptacle serving as electrode, a bell in said receptacle serving as electrode, a rotatable ring of insulating ma terial on the rim of said receptacle having slits, arms projecting from said ring, and insulating ribs on said bell having indentations designed to engage with said arms when said bell is in the highest position, studs projecting from said receptacle engaging with said slits of the rotatable ring, springs attached to said ring and to said studs for maintaining said ring in deter mined position and for returning the same to this position when it has been rotated by hand to release said insulating ribs so that said arms of the ring bear against the sides of said insulating ribs and brake the descending bell when said bell has been released.

12. A hydraulic starter comprising in combination a liquid receptacle serving as electrode, a bell in said receptacle serving as electrode, a rotatable ring of insulating material on the rim of said receptacle having slits, arms projecting from said ring,

and insulating ribs on said bell having in-.

dentat-ions designed to engage With said arms when saidbell is in the highest position, studs projecting from said receptacle engaging with said slits of the rotatable ring, springs attached to said ring and to said studs for maintaining said ring in a determined position and for returning the same to this position when it has been rotated by hand to release said insulating ribs, a short-circuiting device on said ring, and a curved guide piece at the upper end of one of said insulating ribs designed to displace said ring at the end of the descending movement of the bell and putting said springs under tension and to suddenly release said ring so that s; in short-circuiting device is operated.

13. In a hydraulic starter of the type described having receptacle and bell electrodes the short-oircuiting device consisting of a ring contact brushes lined on the electrodes, and contact plates mounted on said ring in contact with the receptacle electrode and arranged to come into contact with said. contact brushes.

141. A hydraulic starter oi the type described adjustable brush holders on the electrode, contact brushes in said holders and springs in said holders for pressing said brushes against the contact plates.

15. A lrvdraulic starter of the type described comprising in combination a liquid receptacle, a bell in said receptacle, insulating ribs on said bell having indentations which are situated higher or lower in accord ance with the kind of current used, ring of insulating material on the rim of said re ceptacle, arms inwardly projecting from said ring designed to engage with said indentations of the insulating ribs.

16. In a hydraulic starter ot the type described a bell, a receptacle, a receptacle for the bell and a. ring on the receptacle, loching mechanism for the bell, an incline on said ring designed to release the locking mechanism of the bell and a press rod guided on said receptacle acting upon said incline.

17. A hydraulic starter comprisiin combination a liquid receptacle serving electrode, a bell in said liquid receptacle, electrode on said bell, insulating ribs on said bell, a ring of insulating n'iateriill on the rim of said receptacle, blocks of insulating material mounted on. said ring and inclined bows in 'ardly projecting from said blocks serving as supports for said insulating ribs of the bell.

18. A hydraulic starter comprising in combination a liquid receptacle serving as electrode, a bell in said liquid receptacle, an electrode on said bell, insulating ribs on said bell, a ring of insulating material on the rim of said receptacle, blocks of insulating material mounted on said ring and in clined bows inwardly projecting :tr .1. said blocks serving as supports for said insulating ribs of the bell, and hinges for attaching sald blocks to sald ring so that said blocks can give way when the bell is being pulled u 19. A hydraulic starter comprising in combination a liquid receptacle serving as electrode, a bell in said liquid receptacle, an electrode on said bell, a rotatable ring o't insulating material on the rim oi said receptacle, a catch spring tired to the upper end of said receptacle, a nose of said rotatable ring designed to engage with said catch SPIlD insulating ribs on said bell,

means on said ring for supporting said insulating ribs when the bell is at the highest position, short-circuiting contacts, and an abutment on said bell designed to act upon said spring when the bell is at the lowest position so that said ring is released and rotated in operating the short-circiiiitiug contacts.

20. A hydraulic starter ol the type described comprising in COIl'lblllttlllOll with the bell, sleeves connected with the main line and rods projecting from the bell niovably guided in said sleeves and serving current conductors.

21. A hydraulic starter oil the type described in which between the upper and the lower end of the receptacle insulating pieces are arranged, tubes mounted between said insulating pieces, rods attached to the bell serving as current conductors engaging with said tub-es, elastic brushes on said tubes for producing the electric connection between said tubes and said rods.

22. In a hydraulic starter of the type described a receptacle and a bell therein insulating pieces between the upper and lower end of the receptacle, tubes inserted between said insulating pieces, plates on the bell, rods mounted on Said plates and guided in said tubes, and short-circuiting brushes elastically n'iounted on said plates and designed to produce the electric connection between said rods and said tubes.

23. A hydraulic starter ol the type described having a liquid receptacle and a bell therein, the liquid receptacle being o't such a height that it projects over the hell even it said bell is at the highest position and a lid for closing said receptacle.

2 1:. A hydraulic start-er of the type de scribed having a liquid receptacle and a bell, a rotatable bell locking ring arranged approximately at the middle oil the liquid receptacle and a handle oil? said ring projecting in outward direction so that said ring may be operated from the outside.

A hydraulic starter oi the type described having a liquid receptacle, :1 bell therein, insulated rails arranged on the inner wall of the liquid receptacle. lTH'llLfillGS for the bell sliding on said rails and conduct ing the current to the bell.

26. A hydraulic start-er ot the type described having a liquid receptacle and a bell having air outlet valve with a constantly uncovered hole of such a size that the outflow of air corresponds with the speed of the switching in under full load, the alve having to be opened under half load or idle run in order to accelerate the sinking of the bell.

27. A hydraulic starter ot the type described, having a float mechanisn'i tor indicating the actual. liquid level in the receptac e.

lilt) 28. A -form of construction of the hydraulic starter of the type described. a bell and lie starter of the type described for three a receptacle therefor, the three electrodes phase current in which the cylindrical elecmounted on the inner Wall of the receptacle trode is subdivided into three parts insulated and insulated from the same.

5 from one another and corresponding with In testimony that I claim the foregoing the three phases. as my invention, I have signed my name.

29. A form of construction of the hydraulic starter of the type described having a GEORG LUDWVIG GANSS. bell and three electrodes mounted on the Witnesses: 10 bell and insulated from the same. H. L. GHIQHERT,

30. A form of construction of the hydrau- C. C. L. B. WYLES. 

